Quarterly Journal of Comparative Research in Law and Social Sciences

Abstract In recent decades, Korean pop music (K-POP) has evolved not only into an entertainment industry but also into a tool of soft power and cultural diplomacy. BTS, as one of the most prominent groups in this genre, plays a key role in promoting the values, cultural identity, and ideology of the South Korean government. As one of the most famous music groups in the world, BTS is recognized not only for their music but also for their social and humanitarian messages. Their invitation to the United Nations and their speeches at the UN suggest that they pursue goals that go beyond mere cultural objectives, following certain ideologies. This study aims to analyze BTS's speeches at the United Nations in 2018 and 2021 using rhetorical criticism from an ideological perspective to uncover their hidden functions and ideologies. The findings of the analysis indicate that through cohesive teamwork and cultural activities, the group has expanded its global influence, while UN leaders leverage their cultural power to establish cultural hegemony, particularly targeting the youth of the global community.

Abstract In society, we see the slogan that (addicts are not criminals, but patients) is scientifically correct, but from the point of view of criminal law, addicts are a disease that is also criminals at the same time, and if this disease is treated, the number of criminals and the titles of criminals produced by them will also decrease. Based on scientific research, addiction treatment alone is not enough and requires simultaneous social and supportive interventions to prevent the return to addiction and crime. So this precedent can explain the context, the necessity and the importance of the present search. In this research, we are looking for a descriptive, analytical, yet comparative approach (with an empirical basis) using a documented and library method to properly understand the behaviorology and causes of the occurrence and emergence of criminal behavioral approaches in drug addicts, which guides us to this point in terms of Science, the minutes of reactions are identifiable. So getting a relative understanding of the current situation leads our research results in this direction, which has been proven in scientific studies that individual-centered knowledge of the individual behavior of addicts can be effective in quitting their addiction, and secondly, the expansion of group behavioral studies of addicts can help to identify the harms and spread environmental preventions to policy makers.

Abstract Citizenship rights and social capital, as the two pillars of sustainable social and political development, have a mutual and strengthening relationship with each other. In Iran, although the Constitution and the Charter of civil rights have provided relatively comprehensive frameworks to guarantee the rights of citizens, the available evidence shows that the practical realization of these rights has faced serious obstacles. Restrictions on civil and political freedoms, weak executive guarantees and inefficiency of civil and formal institutions, have led to a decline in public trust and a decline in social and political participation, and have ultimately weakened social capital. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and a documented-analytical method. Data are compiled from official laws and documents, national reports and social surveys, as well as domestic and international scientific sources and are categorized and analyzed based on the indicators of civil rights (civil, political, social and cultural) and components of Social Capital (Trust, participation, cohesion and civil networks). The findings show that the lack of effective realization of citizenship rights is directly related to the decline in institutional and official social capital. In contrast, strong social capital is the basis for demanding, civil surveillance and the promotion of institutional efficiency and the better realization of citizenship rights. This two-way cycle shows that continuing the gap between legal frameworks and executive reality will exacerbate the state-nation gap and reduce social cohesion. The research results emphasize the need to revise policies and programs to strengthen citizenship rights, promote institutional transparency and accountability, and support civil institutions and educate civil culture to pave the way for sustainable development in Iran through the revival of social capital.

Abstract Social Security, as one of the main pillars of Sustainable Development, plays a significant role in the stability and progress of society. As the main body responsible for ensuring security, the police have a direct impact on social security strategies with their actions. This article examines the role of police performance in strengthening or weakening Social Security and analyzes effective strategies to improve this performance. In this regard, various dimensions of police performance include crime prevention, crime prevention, education and awareness, and cooperation with civil society institutions are examined. Also, the challenges facing the police in ensuring social security, including resource constraints, increased organized crime and the need to build trust with society, have been analyzed. Finally, solutions such as the use of new technologies, increasing public participation and continuous training of police forces are proposed to improve the performance of the institution. Emphasizing the importance of the role of police in Social Security, the article notes the need to pay attention to new and participatory strategies to address future security challenges.

Abstract Women with disabilities experience domestic violence in terms of criminology. On the one hand, due to physical or mental disabilities, they are the favorable siblings of criminals determined to be criminals, and on the other hand, this particular situation exposes them to all kinds of domestic violence. Legal systems, especially those who consider themselves adhering to the approaches raised in international documents and conventions related to the protection of the disabled, have tried to consider the right of legitimate differential defense for women with disabilities who suffer from domestic violence in light of some psychological concepts, especially beaten women's syndrome and post-traumatic disorder, so that this group of women, if faced with domestic violence, can benefit from the privileges of legitimate differential defense and, while resorting to legitimate defense against illicit attack, can also benefit from the rights of legitimate differential defense.they're going to take criminal responsibility. The legal system of the United States and the United Kingdom have valuable experience in this regard, which is discussed in this article. However, the Iranian legal system is in great weakness in this regard, and the appeal of disabled women who have committed domestic violence to legitimate defense in Iranian law is possible only on the basis of general and general rules and regulations, and no specific legal or judicial protection of these women has been done in the Iranian legal system.It should be noted that the type of research present is fundamental, its approach, descriptive - analytical, how to do it, Library study and information collection tools in it are also phishing.

Abstract In the present era, when social justice has become one of the fundamental concerns of societies, re-examining legal concepts with a comparative approach has become an undeniable necessity; one of these concepts is the "right to social dignity", which has a special place in both Islamic jurisprudence and modern theories of social justice. With the aim of comparative examination of this concept, the present study attempts to explain its foundations, conceptual structure, and implementation consequences in two different intellectual systems using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach. In the Islamic jurisprudence section, reliable Shiite and Sunni sources are examined, and in the social justice theories section, the opinions of thinkers such as John Rawls, Michael Walzer, and Robert Nozick are analyzed. The findings of the study show that Islamic jurisprudence, emphasizing the inherent dignity of man, considers social dignity to be a divine, fixed, and inalienable right, the preservation of which is entrusted to the individual and society through moral and legal duties; While social justice theories consider dignity to be a relative matter arising from social structures, distribution of resources, and equality of opportunity, and consider its realization to be dependent on legal institutions and public policies. The conclusion of the research indicates that combining the moral and divine elements of Islamic jurisprudence with the institutional mechanisms of modern theories can pave the way for the development of a more comprehensive legal system in Islamic societies that is both loyal to human dignity and pays attention to structural justice.

Abstract Examine theories of personality in relation to criminal behavior. According to these theories, criminal behavior is associated with the presence of certain personality traits or specific criminal personality. Psychologists link personality to criminal behavior by examining the specific characteristics of the offender or categories of characteristics that drive him towards criminal behavior. It focuses on personality theories that try to explain the main characteristics of criminal orientation.This is where, with an emphasis on character-driven approaches, governments should control crime rates to normal levels .In this research search we are looking for an answer to this question with an analytical descriptive approach and using a documented and library method taking into account qualitative and quantitative studies is the impact of age gender and economic and social factors on crime debatable by emphasizing the personality based theories of individualist criminology The answer seems positive even taking into account cultural and social factors, the role of the offender's personality in the The goat was very colorful.It can be concluded that the conversion of crime prevention approaches should range from single-dimensional criminal spending to multidimensional, the rotation of governments in reducing criminal costs at least in secondary delinquency, the welfare state model can lead to a decrease in crime statistics according to studies.

Abstract One of the less studied topics today can be seen as the missing link in interdisciplinary research the role of political wrong decisions in the formation of certain crimes is qualitatively discussed in the form of development and underdevelopment, which makes the issue important. With an analytical descriptive look, and yet using a documentary and library method, we seek to answer this fact in the form of the question of whether Ali al-asul from a descriptive point of view, politically wrong decisions play a role in increasing the rate of crime in less developed societies. The answer seems to be yes with the non expert approaches and the lack of meritocracy in the usually undemocratic governing administrations the existence of the occasional emotional and populist people's decisions like this that we see in such societies can be seen as a logical relationship between these political actions of politicians and ordinary people as the perpetrators of the wrong political actions which unfortunately in the case of the political actions of the politicians and the ordinary people is not the same as the political actions of the people who are not the same as the political actions of the people who are not the same as the political actions of the people who are not the same as the political actions of the people who are not the same as the political actions of the people who are not the same as the political actions of the people who are not the same as the political actions of the people who are not No reference is responsible .The research findings show that by anticipating explanatory and incentive measures for governance managers to reduce the false consequences

Abstract مفهوم «احیای حقوق عامه» همواره یکی از مباحث چالش‌برانگیز در دکترین حقوقی و رویه‌های قضایی بوده است. این چالش‌ها عمدتاً پیرامون تعیین تعریف دقیق حقوق عامه، شناسایی مصادیق آن و تبیین معنای «احیا» شکل گرفته است. با تحولات اجتماعی و بروز ضرورت‌های نوین در حوزه حمایت از منافع عمومی، نیاز به رویکردها و سازوکارهای نوین در این زمینه بیش از گذشته احساس می‌شود. در سال‌های اخیر، موضوعاتی همچون پیگیری تخلفات زیست‌محیطی، سوءرفتارهای بازار سرمایه، معضلات ناشی از کیفیت پایین تولیدات صنعتی و بحران‌هایی نظیر همه‌گیری کرونا، اهمیت بحث احیای حقوق عامه و نقش ابزارهای قضایی در صیانت از منافع عمومی را برجسته‌تر ساخته‌اند.

در نظام حقوقی ایران، مباحث مربوط به تضمین‌های قضایی برای پاسداری از منافع عمومی هنوز به‌طور گسترده توسعه نیافته‌اند، در حالی که در برخی نظام‌های حقوقی به‌ویژه کشورهای مبتنی بر ساختار کامن‌لا، این مباحث به تفصیل مورد توجه و بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. در این میان، دعاوی مرتبط با منافع عمومی، شرایط اقامه چنین دعاوی، جایگاه و سمت اشخاص طرح‌کننده دعوا و حقوق مورد استناد، ارتباط مستقیم و تنگاتنگی با مسئله احیای حقوق عامه دارند.

این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و مصاحبه‌های میدانی با دادستان‌های مراکز استان‌ها انجام شده است و می‌کوشد با مقایسه داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از نظام‌های حقوقی مختلف، ابهامات موجود در مفهوم حقوق عامه و شیوه‌های احیای آن را تبیین نماید. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که حقوق عامه، حقی است که ذی‌نفع مشخص و محدودی ندارد و «احیا» از منظر ماهوی دارای ماهیت نظارتی بوده و معادل صلاحیت‌های غیرکیفری دادستان‌ها محسوب می‌گردد.

Abstract Domestic violence against women is not merely a private family dispute; it may undermine victims’ physical and psychological security, human dignity, and effective access to justice. Using legal analysis, functional comparison, and a normative-critical approach, this study compares the legal and criminal protection of women victims of domestic violence in Iran and Malaysia and evaluates the possibility of localizing selected Malaysian protective mechanisms within the framework of Islamic criminal jurisprudence. The findings indicate that Iranian law, although providing general criminal remedies for assault, threats, insult and coercion, lacks an integrated framework for identifying domestic violence, assessing risk, and issuing urgent protection orders. Malaysia, by contrast, combines the Domestic Violence Act 1994 with the Penal Code and provides three levels of protection: EPO, IPO, and PO. The EPO is narrowly limited to fear of physical injury or actual physical injury and remains valid for seven days, while broader judicial orders operate during investigation and court proceedings. Malaysian case law further demonstrates that the need for rapid protection must be balanced with procedural fairness, the right to be heard, and judicial review. The study concludes that the Malaysian model should not be transplanted mechanically. Nevertheless, a two-tier, time-limited, and reviewable protection-order system, supported by clear institutional duties and proportionate sanctions for breach, can be adapted to Iranian law through the principles of human dignity, no harm, negation of hardship, prohibition of oppression, and public interest, while preserving legality, proportionality, and defenses rights.

Abstract Sometimes we see that despite the sufficient evidence and even the confession of some of the accused who may have confessed at different stages of a court case, but later deny it, we face some kind of change and suspicion in this regard. With a descriptive and analytical look and the use of the library documentation method, we are looking for a response to this situation of denial of the accused.in response, it can be said that denial seems to be part of the inherent and unwritten rights of the accused, but due to sufficient reasons, the observance of his rights in a real and substantive way, not in a formal way, justice must be done. In other literature, the denial of the accused under observation at any stage as one of the rights of the accused and an unwritten law should be in the eyes of the judicial authorities and officers, it will not be reprehensible for this issue, so the judicial authority is responsible for identifying and proving the concealment of the contrary, as the case may be, based on the reasons of other in the case.